Horacio Rousseau, Ph.D.

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Associate Professor of Management, FSU

Tag: education

  • Why Income Inequality Matters: Beyond Economic Fairness

    Income inequality has become one of the defining challenges of our era, shaping every corner of daily life. Over the last 15 years, economists, management scholars, and psychologists have demonstrated how the widening gap between the rich and the poor reshapes societies worldwide. Their conclusion? Inequality is not only an ethical or economic concern, it also affects the health, happiness, safety, and democratic stability of nations.

    The consequences for physical health are striking. Countries with larger income gaps tend to have shorter life expectancies, higher infant‑mortality rates, and more chronic illness, even after adjusting for national wealth. Part of the problem is underfunded public services leave lower-income groups with unequal access to basic health resources. Equally damaging is the constant status comparison that fuels chronic stress, sometimes called “status anxiety,” which undermines health across the social spectrum.

    Mental health shows a similar pattern. Rates of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress rise sharply in unequal societies, even when individual income is held constant. Unequal environments, characterized by intense social comparison, lower trust, and weak community ties, deepens emotional strain and can prompt people to cope with such stress in individually and socially harmful ways.

    Education, long regarded as the engine of mobility, can also suffer. Affluent families have the means to invest heavily in private tutoring, elite schools, and other activities, thereby solidifying their advantages. Public schools, meanwhile, struggle with limited budgets. Yet social costs extend beyond classrooms. Studies link wider income gaps to higher violent‑crime rates and social unrest. Feelings of relative deprivation breed frustration, erode neighborhood cohesion, and make cooperative problem-solving more challenging. Protests and upheavals are more common in areas where inequality is perceived as entrenched and unjust.

    Democracy itself feels the strain. As economic divides widen, trust in public institutions declines, particularly among citizens who already feel marginalized by the system. Lower civic participation then tilts policy even further toward the well‑off, feeding a vicious cycle that can open doors to populist or authoritarian appeals.

    Finally, and perhaps least obvious, though no less important, is the toll on happiness. Surveys show that people report lower life satisfaction when income gaps grow, even if their own earnings remain flat. Inequality magnifies social comparison, saps perceptions of fairness, and weakens the trust that underpins everyday interactions. By contrast, both richer and more equal countries consistently rank among the happiest, due to stronger community bonds and mutual trust.

    Building a More Equitable Future

    The adverse outcomes of inequality are not inevitable. Progressive tax structures, robust (yet financially sustainable) social safety nets, and investment in public education and healthcare can narrow the gap and improve overall well-being. By tackling both the causes and consequences of inequality, societies can lay the groundwork for shared prosperity.

    The evidence is clear: reducing income inequality is more than a matter of fairness. It is essential for building healthier, happier, safer, and more vibrant communities worldwide.




  • Why Top-Publications Matter More Than Ever in Business Education

    What the Global and Ibero-American Experience Reveal About Research, Rankings, and Reputation

    In today’s global business education landscape, publishing in top-tier academic journals has become more than a benchmark of individual faculty excellence — it’s a central pillar of institutional strategy. Business schools that succeed in producing high-impact, peer-reviewed research are climbing international rankings and building sustainable ecosystems of academic prestoday’sunding, talent, and partnerships.

    Over the past decade, the expectations placed on business schools have intensified. Rankings such as those publishedit’sthe Financial Times, QS, and UT Dallas increasingly incorporate research output as a critical metric. Accreditation bodies like AACSB and EQUIS require evidence of scholarly contributions. At the same time, donors, alums, and prospective students look to these external signals to guide their decisions. In this environment, academic leaders’ question is no longer whether to invest in research — but how.

    The Global Reality: Research as Strategic Infrastructure

    Research productivity is tightly linked to visibility and value in the top tiers of business education. Institutions like Wharton, INSEAD, IESE, and London Business School (among others) are renowned for their teaching and the intellectual capital they generate. They publish tens (even hundreds) of articles every years in the most prestigious journals . While most of it is quite abstract, this work shapes industries, informs policy, and redefines management practice.

    Their success is no accident. These schools invest heavily in research infrastructure: reduced teaching loads for publishing faculty, endowed chairs, PhD pipelines, internal grants, and encourage editorial board participation. Just as importantly, they foster cultures where scholarly inquiry is seen not as a byproduct of academic life but as its core.

    The benefits of such a model are profound. Faculty are energized. Leaders in the field teach students. Funders take notice. And the school itself becomes part of the global intellectual conversation which, in turn, drives rankings and recognition.

    A Closer Look at Ibero-America: Rising Potential, Persistent Challenges

    The past ten years have brought notable progress in management research across Latin America, Spain, and Portugal. Spain’s IESE, IE, and ESADE have earned global acclaim, producing research that meets international standards while staying rooted in European and Mediterranean contexts. IESE, in particular, is one of the only Ibero-American institutions ranked in the UT Dallas top 100 globally for research output.

    In Latin America, business schools are also stepping forward. Institutions like FGV in Brazil, EGADE in Mexico, and Uniandes in Colombia are expanding their research presence. Many now operate PhD programs, participate in international consortia, and count globally trained scholars among their faculty.

    Still, the region faces headwinds. Language barriers, limited research funding, heavy teaching loads, and the tension between local relevance and global recognition persist. While output is growing, few Latin American schools have broken into the elite research rankings. The pipeline is promising but uneven.

    What’s especially striking is how concentrated productivity remains: a handful of schools and countries produce most of the region’s influential work. Many others—despite housing talented educators—remain underrepresented in the global research dialogue. And that disconnect matters. When research is absent, so too are the invitations, partnerships, and prestige.

    Strategic Questions for Deans and Academic Leaders

    All of this points to an important reflection for deans and provosts. If publishiregion’site journals improves a school’s visibility, rankings, faculty development, and student outcomes — what’s the institutional plan to build that capacity?
    More specifically:

    • What percentage of your faculty are currently publishing in internationally indexed journals?
    • How does your school support early-career researchers and returning PhDs?
    • Are research expectations aligned with teaching loads and promotion policies?
    • What partnerships — locally and globally — could foster more impactful scholarship?

    The answers will vary by context. Not every school needs to become a global research powerhouse. But every school benefits when research excellence becomes a shared aspiration — thoughtfully nurtured, institutionally supported, and strategically aligned.

    A Future Defined by Thought Leadership

    The next decade of business education will be shaped not just by who teaches best but also by who contributes most meaningfully to knowledge. That shift is already underway. Business schools are not just professional trainers; they are intellectual hubs. In an era where impact is increasingly defined by what we publish and who cites us, research productivity is both a mirror and a map.

    The opportunity is clear for Ibero-American schools, in particular. With targeted investments, collaborative strategies, and a leadership vision, the region can claim a larger space in the global conversation.

    Those schools that take research seriously—not just as a box to check but as a long-term strategic asset—will find themselves not only more competitive but also more connected to their faculty, their students, and the future of business.